Becoming a polyglot means mastering several languages, but what exactly qualifies someone as a polyglot? Definitions can vary, but a consistent theme is the ability to speak several languages fluently. Here's a summary of what various sources suggest about the requirements to call oneself a polyglot, supporting the conclusion that a true polyglot speaks four or more languages fluently.
Common Definitions
A polyglot is generally defined as someone who knows and can use several languages. Most definitions suggest that speaking at least four to five languages qualifies one as a polyglot.
- Merriam-Webster: Defines a polyglot as "a person who knows and is able to use several languages."
- Collins Dictionary: Defines a polyglot as "a person who speaks or writes several languages."
- Britannica: States that a polyglot is "knowing or using several languages."
- Wikipedia: Suggests that a polyglot is typically someone who speaks three to four languages fluently.
Related Terms
Understanding the definitions of related terms helps clarify what it means to be a polyglot.
- Monolingual: An individual who can only speak one language.
- Bilingual: Someone who can speak two languages fluently.
- Trilingual: A person who speaks three languages fluently.
- Multilingual: A person who speaks several languages (the same definition as 'polyglot')
Interpreting "Several" as 4 or More
Given that "trilingual" specifically refers to someone who speaks three languages, it is reasonable to conclude that "several" languages mean four or more. Thus, the minimum requirement to be considered a polyglot or multilingual is fluency in at least four languages.
Proficiency – Not Just Familiarity
To be considered a true polyglot, it is not enough to have basic knowledge or limited proficiency in a language (such as A1 or A2 level). True polyglots must be able to communicate fluently and effectively in their languages. This means achieving a higher level of proficiency, such as B2 or above, where one can hold complex conversations, understand detailed texts, and function effectively in a variety of settings.
Fun Facts
- 40% of the world's population speaks only one language.
- 43% speak two languages.
- 13% speak three languages.
- 3% speak four languages.
- Less than 1% speak five or more languages.
These statistics highlight how rare true polyglots are, making their language abilities even more impressive.
Conclusion
A polyglot is someone who can speak several languages fluently. In my opinion, a true polyglot can speak four or more languages at a level where they can communicate effectively and fluidly. This aligns with the general understanding that "several" implies more than two and fewer than many, typically interpreted as at least four, especially given that "trilingual" refers to those who speak three languages. The consensus is that being a polyglot involves more than just knowing multiple languages; it requires significant proficiency and the ability to use the languages in practical, real-life situations.